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Senin, 29 November 2010
global warming
Global warming is a slow but steady rise in Earth's surface temperature.[1] Temperatures today are 0.74 °C (1.33 °F) higher than 150 years ago.[2] Some people think that the warming is because of people burning fossil fuels like coal and oil. Some also think that humans are cutting down too many trees. Most scientists believe that the sun actually became colder and is not to blame. If this is so, the Earth should be a small amount colder. Many scientists say that the temperature will rise about 3.7 °C (6.7 °F) more in 100 years. Most major governments and science groups agree with these ideas.
If the earth's temperature becomes hotter, the sea level will also become higher causing costal areas to flood. Weather patterns, including where and how much precipitation there is, will change. Sea ice and glaciers will melt. Deserts will increase in size in some areas and decrease in others. Colder areas will become warmer faster than warm areas. Strong storms may become more likely and farming may not make as much food (but the changing weather may also mean that storms may become rare and farms may produce more food more easily). These effects will not be the same over the entire Earth. The changes from one area to another are not well known.
People in government have talked about global warming. They do not agree on what to do about it. Humans can burn less fossil fuels, adapt to any temperature changes, or try to change the Earth to reduce warming. The Kyoto Protocol tries to reduce pollution from the burning of fossil fuels. Most governments have agreed to it. Some people in government think nothing should change.
A graph of temperatures over the past two thousand years from different proxy reconstructions.Since the 1800s, people have recorded the daily temperature. In about 1850, the number of temperature measurements worldwide was enough to allow scientists to estimate the global average temperature. From 1920 to 1940, the temperature got warmer. From 1940 to 1970, the temperature got slightly cooler. From 1970 to today, the global (world) temperature has increased by about 0.6 ± 0.2 °C.[3] Starting in 1979, satellites started measuring the temperature of the Earth.
Before 1800, we have no records that show how warm or cold it was. There have been many scientific studies trying to figure out past temperatures before people used thermometers using proxy measurements. This means measuring one thing, and using it to explain another thing. One way is to cut into a tree and measure how it is between tree rings. Trees that live a long time can give us an idea of how temperature and rain have changed while it was alive. Many scientists agree that over the past 2000 years the temperature has been quite stable, but there have been some times where the temperatures have increased such as the Medieval Warm Period, or decreased such as the Little Ice Age. Other proxy measurements such as bore holes show the same pattern as tree rings. Tree rings and bore holes can only help scientists work out the temperature until about 1000 years ago. Ice cores are also used to find out the temperature back to about half a million years ago. Ice cores show that the Earth goes through cycles of ice ages about every 100,000 years, and that it is not a stable temperature.
Coal-burning power plants, car exhausts, factory smokestacks, and other man-made waste gas vents give off about 23 billion tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere each year. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by 31% above pre-industrial levels since 1750. This is a lot higher than at any time during the last 425,000 years, the information for which has been collected from ice cores. From less direct geological evidence, people believe that CO2 values this high were last reached 40 million years ago. About three-quarters of the anthropogenic (human-made) emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere during the past 20 years are due to fossil fuel burning. The rest is mostly because changes in how land is used, especially deforestation.[4]
The second is for people to change how they live because of any changes that global warming will bring. The amount of money a country has will affect how easily it adapts. Rich countries like the United States will be able to change more easily, while poor countries such as Bangladesh may not be able to change.
If the earth's temperature becomes hotter, the sea level will also become higher causing costal areas to flood. Weather patterns, including where and how much precipitation there is, will change. Sea ice and glaciers will melt. Deserts will increase in size in some areas and decrease in others. Colder areas will become warmer faster than warm areas. Strong storms may become more likely and farming may not make as much food (but the changing weather may also mean that storms may become rare and farms may produce more food more easily). These effects will not be the same over the entire Earth. The changes from one area to another are not well known.
People in government have talked about global warming. They do not agree on what to do about it. Humans can burn less fossil fuels, adapt to any temperature changes, or try to change the Earth to reduce warming. The Kyoto Protocol tries to reduce pollution from the burning of fossil fuels. Most governments have agreed to it. Some people in government think nothing should change.
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Temperature changes
Before 1800, we have no records that show how warm or cold it was. There have been many scientific studies trying to figure out past temperatures before people used thermometers using proxy measurements. This means measuring one thing, and using it to explain another thing. One way is to cut into a tree and measure how it is between tree rings. Trees that live a long time can give us an idea of how temperature and rain have changed while it was alive. Many scientists agree that over the past 2000 years the temperature has been quite stable, but there have been some times where the temperatures have increased such as the Medieval Warm Period, or decreased such as the Little Ice Age. Other proxy measurements such as bore holes show the same pattern as tree rings. Tree rings and bore holes can only help scientists work out the temperature until about 1000 years ago. Ice cores are also used to find out the temperature back to about half a million years ago. Ice cores show that the Earth goes through cycles of ice ages about every 100,000 years, and that it is not a stable temperature.
The greenhouse effect
- Main article: Greenhouse effect
The Sun
The sun becomes hotter and colder every 11 years. This is called the 11-year sunspot cycle. The temperature of the sun does not change much during this cycle. On Earth, the change in temperature is very small. Scientists can barely detect it. If the sun was causing the Earth to warm up, scientists would be able to measure the temperature rise both at the surface and high up in the air. However, the higher air is actually getting colder.] Dust and dirt
People also make a lot of dust and dirt. Some of this dirt is large, so it falls out within a few hours. Some is so small that it could stay in the air for years. This big dirt is still very small. It's about the width of a human hair. The big dirt doesn't stay in the air for years though because rain hits it and brings it to the surface. It actually only stays in the air for about 7 days. But this is still a long time, and can cause changes in the temperature of the Earth.Possible responses
There are two main ways that people think global warming can be stopped. The first is to stop putting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Many people have tried to get counties to stop emitting greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997. It was supposed to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to below their levels in 1990. As of 2010, the Kyoto Protocol has not worked in reducing greenhouse gas levels. Carbon dioxide levels today are the highest they have been since the start of the Industrial Revolution.The second is for people to change how they live because of any changes that global warming will bring. The amount of money a country has will affect how easily it adapts. Rich countries like the United States will be able to change more easily, while poor countries such as Bangladesh may not be able to change.
poem love
What true love really meant.
I’d never feel this inner peace;
I couldn’t be content.
The pleasures of romance.
I’d miss the bliss, the craziness,
Of love’s sweet, silly dance.
I have to hear your voice;
No other one could take your place;
You’re it; I have no choice.
I don’t know what I’d do;
I’d be searching for my other half,
Incomplete, if not for you.
Senin, 20 September 2010
Rabu, 04 Agustus 2010
text report is............
Reports classify or describe something eg a combine harvester.
Reports begin with a general statement which introduces the topic.
example of text report:
Report :
Dances are parts of celebrations, and mark important times of life such as births, weddings and funerals. They are parts of festivities at times of planting and harvesting of rice, and other important events.
There are many different types and styles of dances. They are Court, Martial, Mask dances. The dances of the different island vary. Men and women seldom perform together, except in courtship dances. generally dancers will be either men or women. Indonesian dances are slow, with very controlled movements. The dancers's arm and hand movement are very important.
The court dances are very formal in style. Dancers keep their faces without any expressions, and perform precise gestures. Some dances reflect the pomp and formality of the court. Some dances tell stories from the Ramayana, the Hindu holy book.
Martial dances are generally performed only by men. They were originally war dances and in come the men demonstrade their skill in using the weapons of battle, such as spears.
Some dances involve the use of elaborate masks. It is believed thet when a dancer wears a mask, he takes on the character of the mask as though the spirit of the mask takes over. Each island has different mask dances, and different styles of masks.
Reports classify or describe something eg a combine harvester.
Reports begin with a general statement which introduces the topic.
example of text report:
Report :
Dances are parts of celebrations, and mark important times of life such as births, weddings and funerals. They are parts of festivities at times of planting and harvesting of rice, and other important events.
There are many different types and styles of dances. They are Court, Martial, Mask dances. The dances of the different island vary. Men and women seldom perform together, except in courtship dances. generally dancers will be either men or women. Indonesian dances are slow, with very controlled movements. The dancers's arm and hand movement are very important.
The court dances are very formal in style. Dancers keep their faces without any expressions, and perform precise gestures. Some dances reflect the pomp and formality of the court. Some dances tell stories from the Ramayana, the Hindu holy book.
Martial dances are generally performed only by men. They were originally war dances and in come the men demonstrade their skill in using the weapons of battle, such as spears.
Some dances involve the use of elaborate masks. It is believed thet when a dancer wears a mask, he takes on the character of the mask as though the spirit of the mask takes over. Each island has different mask dances, and different styles of masks.
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